requests.lua

-- Lua Requests library for http ease

local http_socket = require('socket.http')
local https_socket = require('ssl.https')
local url_parser = require('socket.url')
local ltn12 = require('ltn12')
local json = require('cjson')
local md5sum = require('md5') -- TODO: Make modular?
local mime = require('mime')

local requests = {
  _DESCRIPTION = 'Http requests made simpler',
  http_socket = http_socket,
  https_socket = https_socket
}

local _requests = {}

--User facing function the make a request use Digest Authentication
--TODO: Determine what else should live in authentication
function requests.HTTPDigestAuth(user, password)
  return { _type = 'digest', user = user, password = password}
end

--User facing function the make a request use Basic Authentication
--TODO: Determine what else should live in authentication
function requests.HTTPBasicAuth(user, password)
  return { _type = 'basic', user = user, password = password}
end

function requests.post(url, args)
  return requests.request("POST", url, args)
end

function requests.get(url, args)
  return requests.request("GET", url, args)
end

function requests.delete(url, args)
  return requests.request("DELETE", url, args)
end

function requests.patch(url, args)
  return requests.request("PATCH", url, args)
end

function requests.put(url, args)
  return requests.request("PUT", url, args)
end

function requests.options(url, args)
  return requests.request("OPTIONS", url, args)
end

function requests.head(url, args)
  return requests.request("HEAD", url, args)
end

function requests.trace(url, args)
  return requests.request("TRACE", url, args)
end

--Sets up all the data for a request and makes the request
function requests.request(method, url, args)
  local request

  if type(url) == "table" then
    request = url
    if not request.url and request[1] then
      request.url = table.remove(request, 1)
    end
  else
    request = args or {}
    request.url = url
  end

  request.method = method
  _requests.parse_args(request)

  -- TODO: Find a better way to do this
  if request.auth and request.auth._type == 'digest' then
    local response = _requests.make_request(request)
    return _requests.use_digest(response, request)
  else
    return _requests.make_request(request)
  end
end

--Makes a request
function _requests.make_request(request)
  local response_body = {}
  local full_request = {
    method = request.method,
    url = request.url,
    headers = request.headers,
    sink = ltn12.sink.table(response_body),
    redirect = request.allow_redirects,
    proxy = request.proxy
  }
  if request.data then
    full_request.source = ltn12.source.string(request.data)
  end

  local response = {}
  local ok
  local socket = string.find(full_request.url, '^https:') and not request.proxy and https_socket or http_socket

  ok, response.status_code, response.headers, response.status = socket.request(full_request)

  assert(ok, 'error in '..request.method..' request: '..response.status_code)
  response.text = table.concat(response_body)
  response.json = function () return json.decode(response.text) end

  return response
end

--Parses through all the possible arguments for a request
function _requests.parse_args(request)
  _requests.check_url(request)
  _requests.check_data(request)
  _requests.create_header(request)
  _requests.check_timeout(request.timeout)
  _requests.check_redirect(request.allow_redirects)
end

--Format the the url based on the params argument
function _requests.format_params(url, params) -- TODO: Clean
  if not params or next(params) == nil then return url end

  url = url..'?'
  for key, value in pairs(params) do
    if tostring(value) then
      url = url..tostring(key)..'='

      if type(value) == 'table' then
        local val_string = ''

        for _, val in ipairs(value) do
          val_string = val_string..tostring(val)..','
        end

        url = url..val_string:sub(0, -2)
      else
        url = url..tostring(value)
      end

      url = url..'&'
    end
  end

  return url:sub(0, -2)
end

--Check that there is a URL given and append to it if params are passed in.
function _requests.check_url(request)
  assert(request.url, 'No url specified for request')
  request.url = _requests.format_params(request.url, request.params)
end

-- Add to the HTTP header
function _requests.create_header(request)
  request.headers = request.headers or {}
  if request.data then
    request.headers['Content-Length'] = request.data:len()
  end

  if request.cookies then
    if request.headers.cookie then
      request.headers.cookie = request.headers.cookie..'; '..request.cookies
    else
      request.headers.cookie = request.cookies
    end
  end

  if request.auth then
    _requests.add_auth_headers(request)
  end
end

--Makes sure that the data is in a format that can be sent
function _requests.check_data(request)
  if type(request.data) == "table" then
    request.data = json.encode(request.data)
  elseif request.data then
    request.data = tostring(request.data)
  end
end

--Set the timeout
function _requests.check_timeout(timeout)
  http_socket.TIMEOUT = timeout or 5
  https_socket.TIMEOUT = timeout or 5
end

--Checks is allow_redirects parameter is set correctly
function _requests.check_redirect(allow_redirects)
  if allow_redirects and type(allow_redirects) ~= "boolean" then
    error("allow_redirects expects a boolean value. received type = "..type(allow_redirects))
  end
end

--Create the Authorization header for Basic Auth
function _requests.basic_auth_header(request)
  local encoded = mime.b64(request.auth.user..':'..request.auth.password)
  request.headers.Authorization = 'Basic '..encoded
end

-- Create digest authorization string for request header TODO: Could be better, but it should work
function _requests.digest_create_header_string(auth)
  local authorization = 'Digest username="'..auth.user..'", realm="'..auth.realm..'", nonce="'..auth.nonce
  authorization = authorization..'", uri="'..auth.uri..'", qop='..auth.qop..', nc='..auth.nc
  authorization = authorization..', cnonce="'..auth.cnonce..'", response="'..auth.response..'"'

  if auth.opaque then
    authorization = authorization..', opaque="'..auth.opaque..'"'
  end

  return authorization
end

--MD5 hash all parameters
local function md5_hash(...)
  return md5sum.sumhexa(table.concat({...}, ":"))
end

-- Creates response hash TODO: Add functionality
function _requests.digest_hash_response(auth_table)
  return md5_hash(
    md5_hash(auth_table.user, auth_table.realm, auth_table.password),
    auth_table.nonce,
    auth_table.nc,
    auth_table.cnonce,
    auth_table.qop,
    md5_hash(auth_table.method, auth_table.uri)
  )
end

-- Add digest authentication to the request header
function _requests.digest_auth_header(request)
  if not request.auth.nonce then return end

  request.auth.cnonce = request.auth.cnonce or string.format("%08x", os.time())

  request.auth.nc_count = request.auth.nc_count or 0
  request.auth.nc_count = request.auth.nc_count + 1

  request.auth.nc = string.format("%08x", request.auth.nc_count)

  local url = url_parser.parse(request.url)
  request.auth.uri = url_parser.build{path = url.path, query = url.query}
  request.auth.method = request.method
  request.auth.qop = 'auth'

  request.auth.response = _requests.digest_hash_response(request.auth)

  request.headers.Authorization = _requests.digest_create_header_string(request.auth)
end

--Checks the resonse code and adds additional headers for Digest Auth
-- TODO: Rename this
function _requests.use_digest(response, request)
  if response.status_code == 401 then
    _requests.parse_digest_response_header(response,request)
    _requests.create_header(request)
    response = _requests.make_request(request)
    response.auth = request.auth
    response.cookies = request.headers.cookie
    return response
  else
    response.auth = request.auth
    response.cookies = request.headers.cookie
    return response
  end
end

--Parse the first response from the host to make the Authorization header
function _requests.parse_digest_response_header(response, request)
  for key, value in response.headers['www-authenticate']:gmatch('(%w+)="(%S+)"') do
    request.auth[key] = value
  end

  if request.headers.cookie then
    request.headers.cookie = request.headers.cookie..'; '..response.headers['set-cookie']
  else
    request.headers.cookie = response.headers['set-cookie']
  end

  request.auth.nc_count = 0
end

-- Call the correct authentication header function
function _requests.add_auth_headers(request)
  local auth_func = {
    basic = _requests.basic_auth_header,
    digest = _requests.digest_auth_header
  }

  auth_func[request.auth._type](request)
end

--Return public functions
requests._private = _requests
return requests