Add support for bucket expression to table scans #3839

Feature Request / Improvement

For time partitioning, we can express time range expressions and they lead to partition pruning when planning an Arrow scan:

 scan = table.scan(
      row_filter=And(
          GreaterThanOrEqual("event_ts", start),
          LessThan("event_ts", end),
      )
  )

  arrow_table = scan.to_arrow()

It would be useful to be able to filter by other hidden partitioning transforms, such as buckets -- e.g. filtering on bucket[16](user_id) in {0, 1, 2, 3}, and getting partition pruning whenever possible based on the underlying table partitioning specs (falling back to filtering rows when files cannot be pruned).