Add Baidu Cloud BOS storage backend #7591

Thanos objstore supports Baidu Cloud Object Storage (BOS provider). Add it as a Cortex storage backend for blocks, ruler, and alertmanager storage.

Implementation steps

1. Create pkg/storage/bucket/bos/config.go — Config struct with RegisterFlagsWithPrefix()
2. Create pkg/storage/bucket/bos/bucket_client.go — Thin wrapper around objstore/providers/bos
3. Register in pkg/storage/bucket/client.go — Add constant, config field, and NewClient() case
4. Vendor the BOS provider and Baidu Cloud SDK
5. Add unit tests and CHANGELOG entry